Speed 0.3~1.0m/s Elevator Traction Machine Motor For Lift Parts
| Load: |
260kg~630kg |
Voltage: |
220V/380V |
IP Code: |
IP41 |
| Speed: |
0.3~1.0m/s |
Brake Vol: |
DC110V |
INS.Class: |
F |
| Roping: |
2:1 |
Static Load: |
2000kg |
Poles: |
24 |
Roping 2:1
The Elevator Traction Machine: The Heart of Modern Vertical Transportation
The elevator, a ubiquitous feature of the modern built environment, is a marvel of engineering that relies on a core component for its safe, efficient, and smooth operation: the elevator traction machine. Often referred to as the "heart" of the elevator system, the traction machine is the powerful unit responsible for moving the elevator car and counterweight up and down the hoistway. This document provides a detailed overview of its function, key components, types, and the technological advancements that define modern systems.
1. Fundamental Function and Principle of Operation
The primary function of the traction machine is to convert electrical energy into the controlled mechanical force required for vertical movement. Its operation is based on the fundamental principle of friction-driven traction.
The machine consists of a motor that drives a grooved sheave (a pulley). Steel cables (or flat belts in newer systems) are looped over this sheave. One end of these cables is attached to the top of the elevator car, and the other end is connected to a counterweight. The counterweight typically weighs about the same as the car when it is 40-50% loaded, significantly reducing the power the motor needs to exert.
As the motor turns the sheave, friction between the grooves of the sheave and the cables causes the cables to move. This movement lifts or lowers the car and the counterweight in opposite directions. The precise control of the motor's rotation dictates the car's speed, direction, acceleration, and deceleration, ensuring a comfortable ride for passengers.
2. Key Components of a Traction Machine
A traction machine is an integrated assembly of several critical components:
Electric Motor: The source of power. Historically, DC motors were used for their excellent speed control, but modern machines almost exclusively use high-efficiency, three-phase AC induction or, more commonly, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs). PMSMs are smaller, more efficient, and generate less heat than their predecessors.
Sheave (Traction Sheave): The large, grooved pulley that the hoist ropes or belts wrap around. The design and geometry of the grooves are crucial for maintaining adequate friction and grip on the cables without causing excessive wear.
Brake: A fail-safe, spring-applied, electromagnetically released braking system. It is arguably the most critical safety component. The brake automatically engages to hold the car stationary when the elevator is parked and in the event of a power failure or fault condition, preventing unintended movement.
Gearbox (in Geared Machines): In geared traction machines, a reduction gearbox is attached between the motor and the sheave. This allows a smaller, higher-speed motor to generate the high torque needed to move the elevator. Gearboxes are typically worm-and-gear types, where the worm (a threaded shaft) drives a large gear.
Encoder / Feedback Device: A high-precision sensor attached to the motor shaft. It continuously monitors the motor's rotational speed, position, and direction. This real-time data is fed back to the elevator's control system, which makes instantaneous adjustments to ensure the car stops accurately at floor level and maintains a smooth speed profile.
Machine Frame and Bedplate: The robust structural housing that supports and aligns all the components, ensuring they operate as a single, cohesive unit.
3. Types of Traction Machines
Traction machines are primarily categorized into two types:
Geared Traction Machines: These employ a gearbox to reduce the motor's output speed to an optimal level for the sheave. They are characterized by:
Applications: Best suited for low to mid-rise buildings (typically up to 15-20 stories) and medium-speed elevators (speeds up to approximately 2.5 m/s or 500 ft/min).
Advantages: Ability to use a smaller, less expensive motor; high torque output.
Disadvantages: The gearbox introduces mechanical energy loss through friction, reducing overall efficiency. They are also generally louder and require more regular lubrication and maintenance.
Gearless Traction Machines: In these machines, the sheave is directly attached to the motor's armature. The motor is designed to run at the same speed as the sheave-much slower than a standard AC motor.
Applications: The standard for high-rise buildings (over 15-20 stories) and high-speed elevators (speeds exceeding 2.5 m/s and up to 20 m/s or more).
Advantages: Superior efficiency (no energy loss through a gearbox), smoother and quieter operation, less maintenance due to the absence of a gearbox, and longer operational life.
Disadvantages: Higher initial cost due to the large, low-speed permanent magnet motor.
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About us
Why choose us?
Shanghai Sunny Elevator Co., Ltd, founded in 1992, is a 33-year professional manufacturer specializing in designing and producting Opto-Electro-Mechanical products.
Sunny Elevator has started import and export since 2012.
We have experience for exporting all kinds of elevator & elevator parts to 80 countries all over the world.
FAQ
1. Are the elevator wire ropes durable?
The elevator wire rope has special provisions and requirements. Configuration is not only for wire rope and rated load, but also considered the size of the traction, as a result, the tensile strength of wire rope is greater than the weight of the lift. The safety factor is equipped with more than four wire rope. So it won't break at the same time.
2. Is it dangerous for power failure suddenly during the elevator running?
If it occurs, the elevator will automatically stop due to the electrical and mechanical safety device. In case of power failure,elevator brakes will automatically taken. In addition, the power supply departments such as planned outage, prior notice are also operating.
3. Will us be hurt when it closed suddenly?
In the closing process, if people touch the hall door, the door of elevator will automatically restart without any danger. With anti clamping switch, once the gate touched, this switching action make the elevator unable to be closed and even reopened. In addition, closing force is also available here.
4. How the elevator running?
Elevators are operated with a counterweight wire rope through the (tractor) traction drive, making ups and downs on the guide rail.
5. Is the escalator installation complicated?
We believe the functions of an escalator are not necessarily proportional to the operation complexity. Therefore, escalators designed by us apply an integrated structure, so that the equipment is more precise and more efficient and allows easier and more convenient commissioning.
6. Do you have any cerifications?
Yes, we do with ISO9001 / CCC / CE Certificates for u.
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